The ancient name of Barisal division is Bakla-Chandradwip. In ancient times, this region was also known as Bangala. The name Bangala changed to Bakla. The names Bangala and Chandradwip are mentioned in copperplate inscriptions of the eleventh and thirteenth centuries. In the fourteenth century, King Danujmardan established the Chandradwip kingdom. Bakla was the capital of Chandradwip. During the Mughal period, Bakla Sube was a prosperous government in Bengal. Until 1796 AD, this district was known as Bakla-Chandradwip. The British government created Bakerganj district in 1797 AD with Bakla-Chandradwip of Dhaka division. During the time of Nawab Alivardi Khan of Agabak, he was a Faujdar of Chittagong and a powerful landowner of Bakla. The district was named Bakerganj after him. In 1801 AD, the district headquarters was shifted from Bakerganj to Barisal. The name Barisal is modern. Although the name of the district is Bakerganj, this region is still well known as Barisal. Bakerganj district was part of Dhaka division until 1960. When Khulna division was created in 1961, Bakerganj was included in Khulna division. On January 1, 1993, Barisal division was created with Bakerganj and Patuakhali districts.
Bangladesh is a vast Bengali-speaking land between the Himalayas in the north, Bihar and Orissa in the west, Assam and Brahma in the east, and the Bay of Bengal in the south. Bakla-Chandradwip is located on the shores of the Bay of Bengal in the south of Bangladesh. To discuss the geography of Barisal division or Bakla-Chandradwip, it is necessary to have an idea about the geography of Bakla.
Bangladesh and the Bengali nation have been formed through the conflict and reconciliation of many ancient peoples in prehistoric times. The ancient Bengali peoples are located in the land surrounded by hundreds of rivers. The nature here has had a very important impact on the quality of the people of that town. The nature of the Bengal town is beautiful. But the people of the disastrous Padma, Meghna, and Jamuna rivers had to struggle. Cultivated land and houses were destroyed in the rivers and seas. Thousands of people and cattle were swept away in cyclones and tidal waves. They had to survive by struggling like this since ancient times. Struggle and protest are their reforms.
The mentality of Bengalis has been struggling, self-centered, and life-oriented since ancient times. Civilization, culture, towns, states - everything has been built on the banks of rivers. Once built, it has been broken again. This breaking and building has no end. The people we know as Bangladesh by geographical language and culture are from the Middle Ages. In ancient times, this country was divided into Rar, Punja, Gaur, and Bengal towns. A few people lived in isolation in this region. Settlements were rare. Four or five thousand years ago, they abandoned their hunting or nomadic life and started farming. They established settlements in one region after another. The land was fertile and open. The rivers were full of fish. They did not have to work hard for a living. Therefore, they became averse to work and indulged in pleasures. Jain, Buddhist and Vaishnava doctrines made Bengalis even more industrious. As a result, many of them resorted to begging or stealing. On the one hand, the character of Bengalis is false speech and deceit; on the other hand, they are lacking in self-respect and are fatalistic. As a result of centuries of foreign rule and exploitation, they did not get the opportunity to develop themselves independently. Their identity is their attempt to gain spiritual strength in life due to poverty, lack of enthusiasm and dependence. The history of Bengal has been written by the numerous rivers of Bengal, both big and small. Rivers have shaped Bengal over the ages. Bangladesh was created by the alluvium of the Ganges, Meghna and Brahmaputra. In ancient times, there was a sea called Tichys from the Mediterranean Sea to the Himalayas. Among the eight ancient rocks of the world, Vrindavan and Tibet in the Deccan are one of them. The sea used to flow between these two mountains. The Himalayas were formed from the sea due to atmospheric pressure and that is why many fossils can be found in the Himalayas. At the beginning of the Pleistocene era, the climate was very cold. As a result, most of the land was covered with ice. At that time, the water level of the Bay of Bengal went down a lot. Most of the seabed was fertile. Over time, the weather changed. The climate became cold and dry and gradually became warmer and wetter. And due to more rainfall and melting of ice, the water level of the Bay of Bengal gradually rose and the foothills of the Himalayas were submerged in water. Even today, it is from the Pleistocene era. The red water region can be seen in Barendra, Madhupur and Lalmai in Comilla. Prestocene. If the era spans one million years, then this event may have occurred approximately five hundred thousand years ago. Then the landmass of Bangladesh was formed by the accumulation of alluvium, sand, etc. carried by the river. The birth of Bangladesh can be estimated to be approximately two hundred thousand years ago. But the geological formation of the southern part will not be more than 50 thousand years. We do not know when settlement began here. Still, there is a need to establish a link between the geological era and the beginning of the historical era. The results of the Yala Kemiz expedition show that there were settlements in many places in the subcontinent during the Ice Age - especially in the foothills of the Himalayas and in South India. But no evidence of this settlement has been found anywhere in Bangladesh. Even in the Gangetic basin, there was no settlement even seven thousand years ago. It is difficult to say when the settlement of this region began. However, the delta region was submerged in the sea about fifteen thousand years ago. In 1863, the renowned archaeologist James Fergusson mentioned in an article that five thousand years ago the Ganges River basin was damp, forested and unfit for human habitation.
In ancient Bangladesh, traces of the Neolithic and Chalcolithic ages have been discovered. On the banks of the Ajay River in Burdwan district, traces of a sophisticated civilization dating back about three thousand five hundred years have been discovered at the Pandu Rajar Dhibi. A Hajj pilgrimage was held in Bikrampur in Dhaka district in the year 1500 BC.
Planning and Implementation: Cabinet Division, A2I, BCC, DoICT and BASIS